Amandla e-bio-mass kuphuhliso lwelizwe lethu ukungaqondani ngakumbi kunokuqonda, ubunzima ngakumbi kunenkxaso, kodwa ngenxa yobuhle bendalo, kwaye ekugqibeleni usuku nosuku ukukhula nokukhula.
Ekupheleni konyaka wama-2016, i-biomass yavelisa umbane weeyure ezingama-63.4 zeebhiliyoni zombane kwilizwe liphela, esikufutshane nesiphumo sonyaka seSikhululo saMandla seGorges ezintathu, isiganeko esibalulekileyo.
Ngokubalulekileyo, isiqingatha sezinto zayo ezingafunekiyo zivela kwinkunkuma yezolimo kunye neyehlathi ezinje ngeziqu zezityalo, kwaye esinye isiqingatha sivela kwinkunkuma yasezidolophini. Oko kukuthi, ngelixa ivelisa amandla ombane acocekileyo, inokunciphisa izifo ezibini ezingqongileyo zokutshiswa kwamabala endle kunye nenkunkuma yasezidolophini, ke inemisebenzi emibini yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo.
Senze kakuhle nangokunyusa ingeniso yamafama kwaye sijolise ekunciphiseni ubuhlwempu.
Ngokwe-International Energy Organisation data ye-IEA, ukubumba ukufudumeza amafutha kwindawo yentengiso yamandla e-biomass kwindawo yokuqala, kodwa isabelo sase China sincinci kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa konyaka ngo-2016 ziitoni ezizizigidi ezisi-8 kuphela, okanye ngo-2013 emva kokuqhambuka kwenkungu yelizwe. ingqalelo nokukhulisa.
I-grg haze kufuneka icinezelwe amalahle, ubunzima bokucinezelwa kwamalahle kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni konyaka malunga ne-270 yezigidi zeetoni zelahle yamalahle ngaphezulu kwama-500 amawaka amancinci amancinci kunye naphakathi aphakathi abilayo ngaphantsi kweetoni ezingama-20.
Basasazeke kakhulu, bancinci ngevolumu kwaye kunzima ukutshisa ngokucocekileyo.
"Amalahle kwigesi" kulungile, kodwa ayisiyonyani, ukubumba ukufudumeza amafutha ngokungathandabuzekiyo lolona khetho lufanelekileyo.
Kucetywe ukufikelela kwi-30 yezigidi zeetoni kwixesha le-13 leminyaka yesiCwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu, ngezigidi ezili-100 zeetoni ezinokwenzeka ngo-2030.
Kwaye ukuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass, ukubumba ukufudumeza amafutha yinto eqinileyo njengezinto ezingafunekiyo, zombini izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nomthamo wemisebenzi emibini yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nezibonelelo zezolimo.
Kwiminyaka elishumi yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-21, xa i-biogas kunye ne-biogas zaseJamani zikhula ukusuka ngaphezulu kwama-800 ukuya ngaphezulu kwama-5 000, zivelisa (xa) umbane ongaphezulu kune-hydro, i-China yayisuswa kwi-biogas yasemaphandleni kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
Ehlotyeni lowama-2013, uNjingalwazi Cheng kunye nam sabhala ileta edibeneyo kwiNkulumbuso u-Li Keqiang malunga nophuhliso lwegesi yendalo e-China.
'Ukubila kweAnaerobic kunamandla aphezulu kunye nokuguqulwa kokusebenza kwezinto phakathi kweendlela zokuguqula amandla e-biomass,' ifundeka ileta.
Ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza eluhlaza kumjikelo wobomi opheleleyo (i-LCA) yegesi yendalo eyi-398 gram, ngelixa ii-biogas ezenziwe kwimfuyo kunye nomgquba weenkukhu zingaphantsi kwe-414 gram.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi zedizili kunye nepetroli, isithuthi i-bio-gas inokunciphisa ukuphuma kwezinto kunye ne-CO2 ngama-90%.
Ukongeza, eyona iphambili kwisayensi yomhlaba. Kwinkqubo yokutsha komlilo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, ngaphezu kweshumi leendidi zezinto zezityalo ezinje ngephosphorus, imanganizi, izinc kunye nentsimbi ziyadityaniswa kwaye zisilele ukuphinda ziphinde zisetyenziswe emhlabeni, ngelixa ukuvundiswa kweanerobic kungenakuphinda kuphindwe kubuyiselwe emhlabeni, kodwa ikwimeko yendalo.
I-Biogas iqale e-China, kodwa itekhnoloji yentengiso kunye nezixhobo sele zikhulile.
Ulawulo lwezaMandla kuZwelonke kunye noMphathiswa wezoLimo benze iinzame ezinkulu zokukhuthaza imveliso yeebhiliyoni ezisibhozo ze-m3 kwisiCwangciso se-13 seminyaka emihlanu, kunye ne-akhawunti yotyalo-mali malunga ne-60% yamandla e-biomass.
Uqikelelo lomthamo wemveliso kwi-2030 luya kufikelela kwi-40 yezigidigidi ze-m3, kwi-5 yezigidigidi ze-m3 ngaphezulu kokungeniswa kwe-fossil yegesi evela kumbhobho waseNyakatho Russian
Sikhuthazeke nangakumbi yintetho kaMongameli Xi Jinping kwintlanganiso ye-14 yeQela eliPhambili eliPhambili leMicimbi yezeMali nezoQoqosho ekupheleni kowama-2016.
“Ukukhuthaza ukufudumeza okucocekileyo ebusika kwingingqi esemantla kubalulekile kubushushu babantu kwingingqi esemantla kunye nokuncitshiswa kweentsuku ze-smog. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yotshintsho kwimveliso yamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kunye notshintsho kubomi basemaphandleni. ”
“Ukukhawulezisa ukulahlwa kunye nokurisayikilishwa kwakhona kwenkunkuma evela kwimfuyo kunye nokufuya iinkukhu kunefuthe kwimeko yokusebenza kunye nokuhlala kwabahlali basemaphandleni abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-600, uguquko kumandla kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, kunye nokukwazi ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nokulawula umthombo wezolimo ongafakwanga ndawo. ungcoliseko. Le yinto elungileyo eya kuthi izuze ilizwe kunye nabantu ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Kuya kufuneka sihambelane nomgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso karhulumente kunye nokusebenza okujolise kwintengiso kwamashishini, sithathe i-biogas kunye ne-bio-gas njengolona nyango lusisiseko kunyango, kwaye sisebenzise amandla asekhaya nakufutshane kunye nezichumiso zezolimo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokusetyenziswa, kwaye sizame ukusombulula ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwiifama ezinkulu zokugcina iinkukhu ngexesha lesicwangciso se-13 seminyaka emihlanu. ”
Qaphela ukuba kwintetho yakhe, uMongameli u-Xi unxibelelanise imveliso ye-biogas kunye nokurisayikilisha inkunkuma yendalo efana nemfuyo kunye nomgquba weenkukhu, ulawulo lwenkungu kunye nokukhathalela ubomi babantu.
Okokugqibela, i-biofuel engamanzi, eyaqala e-China, eyona ndlela inde yohlobo oluthile.
Kuqala, i-ethanol yokuguga yeenkozo yaqala ngendlela engeyiyo, emva koko yafakwa kwi-cellulosic ethanol, engenakuhlaselwa ixesha elide.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indlela entsha iphuhlisiwe kwihlabathi, ukusuka kwiqonga lebhayoloji ukuya kwiqonga le-thermochemical kunye nokuphumelela kwenziwe.
Izinto eziluhlaza azisekho isitatshi kunye neoyile kodwa yi-lignocellulose, kwaye imveliso ayiseyiyo ioyile yamafutha asezantsi kodwa ikwinqanaba eliphezulu le-biodiesel kunye neoyile elula.
Kusivuyisile, UWuhan Kaidi ebemi kwindawo ephezulu kwezobuchwephetsha kwaye ekwisikhundla esiphambili emhlabeni.
Isityalo se-biodiesel esiveliswa iitoni ezingama-200,000 ngonyaka siza kusebenza e-China kulo nyaka uzayo, oya kuthi ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuqhambuka kwetekhnoloji kuzisa ukugqobhoza kwempahla ekrwada, ukuqhekeka kwemveliso eluhlaza kuzisa ukuvela kwemvelaphi eluhlaza.
Isondlo sokuveliswa kwamandla e-biomass, ukubumba ukufudumeza amafutha kunye ne-biogas kuvela ikakhulu kumdaka ovela kwimimandla nasematyholweni, ngelixa i-thermalization inokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amafutha aphuma kumgangatho osemagqagaleni angakwaziyo ukukhulisa izityalo kodwa anokukhulisa izityalo ezinamandla.
Ngoku, ungakanani lo mhlaba unomda okhoyo?
Idatha esiyifumene kwiSebe lezeMihlaba neziBonelelo kunye noLawulo lwamaHlathi kaRhulumente ngo-2014 yayizizigidi ezili-166 zehektare.
Inomdla kakhulu. Ngokwenyani ingama-700 yezigidi ze-mu ngaphezulu kwe-1.8 yezigidigidi zemitha yefama e-China. Ngokwenene ingamandla amakhulu e-biomass "eyam yegolide".
Yimalini ibiomass enokuveliswa kwii-1.66 yeehektare zomhlaba ongaphantsi.
Ixesha Post: Jun-18-2021